1. Multiple choice questions:
1. Which one of the following industries uses limestone as a raw material:
(a) Aluminium
(b) Cement
(c) Sugar
(d) Jute
Answer:
(b) Cement
2. Which one of the following agencies markets steel for the public sector
plants?
(a) HAL
(b) SAIL
(c) TATASTEEL
(d) MNCC
Answer:
(b) SAIL
3. Which of the following industry uses bauxite as a raw material?
(a) Aluminium
(b) Cement
(c) Jute
(d) Steel.
Answer:
(a) Aluminium
4. Which one of the following industries manufactures telephones, computer,
etc.
(a) Steel
(b) Aluminium
(c) Electronic
(d) Information Technology.
Answer:
(a) Steel
2. Answer the following briefly in not more than 30 words:
i) What is manufacturing?
ii) Name any three
physical factors for the location of the industry.
iii) Name any three human factors for the location of an industry.
iv)What are the basic industries? Give an example.
v) Name the important raw-materials used in manufacturing of cement.
Answer:
(i) Production of goods in large
quantities after processing from raw-materials to more valuable products is
called manufacturing.
(ii) The three physical factors that affect location of industries are the
following:
(a) Availability of
raw-materials, (ii) Availability of labour, (iii) Climate.
(iii) The three human inputs that control location of industries are the
following:
(i) Available labour force.
(ii) Capital and transport facilities.
(iii) Government policies.
(iv) Basic industries are those industries which supply their products (raw-materials) to manufacture other goods: Example: Iron-steel Industry
(v) The important raw-materials used in manufacturing of cement are limestone, silica, aluminia and gypsum.
3. Write the answers of the following questions in 120 words.
(i) How are integrated steel plants different from mini steel plants? What
problems does the industry face? What recent developments have led to a rise
in the production capacity?
Answer:
(i) An integrated steel plant is large. It handles everything in one complex
from putting together raw material to steel making rolling and shaping. The
mini steel plants are smaller; they have elastic furnaces; they use steel
scrap and sponge iron. They have re-rollers that use steel ingots as well.
They produce mild and alloy steel of given specification.
The problem faced by this industry include:
(a) high costs of cooking coal, (b) limited availability of coking coal, (c)
low productivity of labour, (d) irregular supply of energy, (e) poor
infrastructure.
Liberalisation and foreign
direct investment (FDI) have led to the rise in the production capacity.
(ii) How do industries pollute the environment?
Answer:
Industries mainly create four
types of pollution which in turn degrade the environment. These are (a) Air,
(b) Water, (c) Land, (d) Noise.
Air pollution:
1. The smoke emitted by the
industries pollute air and water very badly.
2. This pollution is caused by the presence of a higher proportion of
undesirable gases, such as carbon monoxide and sulphur dioxide.
3. Dust, fume, mist, spray and smoke released from the industries contain
both types of particles: (a) solid, (b) Liquid.
4. This pollution is very harmful for human health, as well as for animals,
plants, materials and for the atmosphere.
Water pollution:
1. Sources for this
pollution are numerous. However its main source is the organic and inorganic
discharge from the industries.
2. The
principal industries creating water pollution are paper, pulp, textiles,
chemicals, petroleum, refining tannery and electroplating.
Land pollution:
Land and soils is polluted
by the industrial wastes containing toxic metals.
Noise pollution:
Land and soil is polluted
by the industrial wastes containing toxic metals.
Noise pollution:
1. It is very harmful, it
causes impairment of hearing as well as many other physiological and
psychological problems.
2. Industrial noise,
particularly from mechanical saws and penumatic drills cause unbearable sound.
Despite of all its harmful effects, industrial work can’t be stopped. On the other hand much of the pollution can be prevented be carefully planning and siting of industries, better design equipment and better operation of the equipment.
(iii) Discuss the steps to be taken to minimise environmental degradation by
industry.
Answer:
The following steps can be taken to minimise environmental degradation by
the industry:
(i) minimising use water for
processing by reusing and recycling it in two or more successive stages.
(ii) harvesting of rainwater to meet water requirements.
(iii) treating hot water and effluents before releasing them in rivers and
ponds. Treatment of industrial effluents can be done in three phases.
(a) Primary treatment by mechanical means. This involves screening,
grinding, flocculation and sedimentation.
(b) Secondary treatment by biological process.
(c) Territary treatment by biological, chemical and physical processes.
Activity
Give one word for each of the following with regard to industry. The number of letters in each word are hinted in brackets.
| 1. Using to drive machinery | 5. Pumps |
| 2. People who work in a factory | 6. Worker |
| 3. Where the product is sold | 6. Market |
| 4. A person who sells goods | 8. Retailer |
| 5. Thing produced | 7. Product |
| 6. Middlemen | 10. Wholesaler |
| 7. To make to produce | 11. Manufacture |
| 8. Land, water and air degarded | 9. Pollution |
Solve the puzzle by following you search horizontally and diagonally to find
the hidden answers.
1. Textiles, Sugar, Vegetable oil and plantation industries deriving
raw-materials from agriculture are called as…Agro based,
2. The basic raw-materials for sugar industry. Sugarcane.
3. This fibre is also known as ‘Golden Fibre’. Jute
4. Iron-ore, Coking coal, and Limestone are the chief raw materials of this
industry: Steel.
5. A public sector steel
plant located in Chhattisgarh. Bhilai
6.
Railway diesel engines are manufactured in Uttai Piadesh at this piace.
Varanasi
Hints: Some of them are being
market. Others, students may do with the help of the teachers.
Answers the following with regard to cotton-textile industry:
(i) Which three states have the largest number of mills?
(ii) What could be the reason for locating the industry in these states?
(iii) Name three large centres for each of these three states.
Answer:
(i) Maharashtra, Gujarat, Uttar
Pradesh.
(ii) Availability of raw cotton and
markets.
(iii) Maharashtra: Mumbai, Pune,
Wardha.
Gujarat: Ahmedabad, Vadodara,
Surat.
Uttar Pradesh: Moradabad, Kanpur,
Agra.