Question 1.
Explain the following:
(a) Social changes in
Britain which led to an increase in women readers.
(b) What actions of Robinson Crusoe make us see him as a typical
colonizer.
(c) After 1740, the readership of
novels began to include poorer people.
(d)
Novelists in colonial India wrote for a political cause.
Answer:
(a) As the eighteenth century led
to prosperity, women got more time and more leisure to read and write novels.
Numerous novels began depicting domestic life.
(b) Robinson Crusoe, the hero of Daniel Defoe is a slave trader who treats coloured people as inferior creators. This makes us believe that he was a typical colonizer.
(c) As the prices of books came down without minimizing the innovation, the access to books became easier. The poor could now afford buying books.
(d) Novelists in India, had a political objective. They wrote novels to
produce a sense of national belonging and cultural equality. It was only
because of such writings that they were able” to
increase their readership.
Question 2.
Outline the changes in
technology and society which led to an increase in readers of the novel in
eighteenth-century Europe.
Answer:
The invention of the printing press, development of the means of
communication and transport, growth of the middle classes and relative
increase in the number of the poor had an increase in the readership. Numerous
novelists began writing about the middle classes, the poor and their social
problems. The printing press made it easy for the novelists to write novels.
Question 3.
Write a note on:
(a) The Oriya novel
(b) Jane Austen’s
portrayal of women.
(c) The picture of the
new middle class which the noval Pariksha-Guru portrays.
Answer:
(a) The Oriya novel, such as Chaa
Mana Atha Guntha depicted the rural misery, greed for land and the
landlordism. It was a painful narration of a system existing in Orissa.
(b) Jane Austen in her novel Pride and Prejudice wrote about women’s flight, life of a women in men’s life: man must have a wife; woman is his necessity.
(c) Srinivas Das’s Pariksha Guru is about the new middle class who seek to adopt themselves in the colonial system.
Discuss
Question 1.
Discuss some of the social
changes in nineteenth-century Britain which Thomas Hardy and Charles Dickens
wrote about.
Answer:
Thomas Hardy and Charles Dickens were renouned English novalists. Hardy
(1940-1928) and Charles Dickin (1812-1870) wrote about the social changes in
the 19th century Britain. In his Hard Times, Dickens pointed about the
terrible effects of the industrialisation on the life of the people.
Hardy’s novels Far From the Madding Crowd, Tess, Return of the Natives, The Mayor of Casterbridge, wrote about the advantages of the simple life. He says that if the people wanted peace, they need to be honest, decent and faithful.
Question 2.
Summarise the concern in both
nineteenth-century Europe and India about women reading novels. What does this
suggest about how women were viewed?
Answer:
There is a concern which one finds
both in 19th century Europe and India: The concern is about women: Women’s
life is made the theme of novels; their character is focussed as one that make
the novel readers around. This makes women read about what novels. We find
women readership increasing novel after, novel. This is evident from either
Hardy’s Tess or Premchand’s Nirmala. All this suggest that women’s character
and their Problems are made theme of the novels.
Question 3.
In what ways was the novel in
colonial India useful for both the colonizers as well as the nationalists?
Answer:
Novels have proved useful for both
the colonizers as well as for the nationalists. They give information about
life, living, social developments, economic conditions and the culture of the
people by the novelists. All these informations are used by the colonissers
who deal with the colonial people accordingly. These informations are used by
the nationalists as well. These novel, relate to the nationalists as to how
they could organise people and also know their economic and serial life on the
basis of which they formulate their programme.
Question 4.
Describe how the issue of caste
was included in novels in India. By referring to any two novels, discuss the
ways in which”they tried to make readers think about existing social
issues.
Answer:
Novelists write about societies. Their plot comes from the society they
write about their problems are social about which they write. Some novelists
make issue of caste as the theme of their novels. Chander Menon in his
Indulekhar and Poth Kurijambu in his Saraswathi Jayan take up the problem of
caste system as the theme of their novels Such novels make a deep impact on
the include of the readers about their social system.
Question 5.
Describe the ways in which the
novel in India attempted to create a sense of pan-Indian belonging.
Answer:
Novelists areas related to the
soils as are other people. They are as sensitive as are others. The
developments around them also have i an impact on their minds and also on
their writing. The novelists of the first half of the twentieth century India
were deeply influenced by the waves of liberation struggle. In the novels
written during this period, there is a sense of pan- Indian belonging. Novels
are about social, political and economic life; about people belonging to all
types of classes together with their problems.